Injury pattern and outcome of road traffic accident victims attending major referral institutions of the Kashmir valley

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have emerged as a major global public health problem of this century. WHO global burden of disease study, shows it as the 10th leading cause of death in South-East Asia. In India, according to WHO, road traffic accident is the 6th leading cause of death. The present study aims to assess the magnitude and injury pattern of RTA victims attending three major referral institution of the Kashmir valley.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted for a period of one year in three major referral institutions of Kashmir valley. Burden of RTA victims was studied from hospital records. For studying detailed injury patterns, the accident victims fulfilling the inclusion criteria and admitted in the wards of these hospitals formed the main study group.Results: RTAs constituted 3% of the total admissions. Most (82.7%) of the studied victims were males. Most (40.3%) of the RTA victims were pedestrians. Head on collision was the most common type of accident (62.9%). 97.6% victims were grievously hurt and head (59.9%) was the most affected part of the body. 88.3% of RTA victims survived while 11.7% died.Conclusions: Young males are the predominant victims of RTAs and head on collision (63%) remains the commonest type of accident. Almost all (97.6%) RTA victims were grievously hurt with 60% having head injuries followed by lower limbs 59.4% and upper limbs 26.8% injuries and 47% victims had multiple injuries.

Minimally invasive procedures for urological disorders in pregnant patients: our experience

Background: Urological disorders like stone disease, pyonephrosis secondary to obstruction and trauma are common during pregnancy with global incidence of 1 in 250 to 1 in 3000. These diseases can complicate any pregnancy and timely diagnosis and management is of utmost importance for safety of the mother and fetus. Managing these cases entails morbidity and minimally invasive procedures avoiding anesthesia have definite advantage.Methods: It was an observational study. Pregnant patients with nephrolithiasis, pyonephrosis, complicated post-traumatic ureteropelvic junction (PUJ) obstruction (PUJO) and trauma were included in the study.Results: Out of total 84 cases, 45 required intervention. Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) for pyonephrosis secondary to PUJO and obstructed PUJ calculus was done in 11 and 14 cases respectively. Bilateral PCN for bilateral nephrolithiasis was done in 7 cases. Silicon double-J stenting for ureteric calculus was done in 13 cases. One case of spontaneous fornicial rupture of kidney without stone disease was managed conservatively as were 4 cases of trauma with concomitant renal injury, 18 cases of non-obstructive renal stones and 16 cases of pyelonephritis. Seven patients lost follow-up. One case each of pyonephrosis and polytrauma had fetal death at term unrelated to urological cause. In rest 75 patients, primary pathology was tackled after 6-8 weeks of delivery.Conclusions: Urological diseases during pregnancy are not an uncommon entity and can pose risk to both mother and fetus. With good clinical vigil, use of minimally invasive procedures, close monitoring and follow up, these patients can be safely managed without any adverse events to the fetus and mother.

Endoscopic Yield, Appropriateness, and Complications of Pediatric Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in an Adult Suite: A Retrospective Study of 822 Children

Background/Aims@#This study aimed to study the endoscopic yield, appropriateness, and complications of pediatric endoscopy performed by adult gastroenterologists in an adult endoscopic suite. @*Methods@#This a retrospective study in which records of all the patients less than 18 years of age who underwent endoscopy in the last 5 years were studied. The indications of endoscopy in children were categorized as appropriate or inappropriate per the latest guidelines by American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Positive endoscopic yield was defined as the presence of any abnormality on endoscopy. @*Results@#Among the total of 822 children (age <18 years), the most common indications were variceal surveillance/eradication in 157 (19.1%), followed by dyspepsia in 143 (17.4%), upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding in 136 (16.5%), recurrent abdominal pain in 94 (11.4%), unexplained anemia in 74 (9%), recurrent vomiting in 50 (6.08%), chronic refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in 34 (4.1%) and others; 780 out of 822 endoscopic procedures (94.9%) done in children were appropriate as per the guidelines. The endoscopic yield was 45.8%, highest in patients with UGI bleeding (71.3%), followed by variceal surveillance (54.8%), recurrent vomiting (38%), dyspepsia (37.8%), and recurrent abdominal pain (36%). Minor adverse events occurred in 7.3% of children. @*Conclusions@#Pediatric endoscopy performed by an experienced adult gastroenterologist may be acceptable if done in cooperation with a pediatrician.

Data Analysis of Ovarian Cancer Patients for Feasibility of Treatment in a Radiation Oncology Department

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is not only the most common but also the most lethal gynecological malignancy, partly, becausethe majority of patients present with advanced disease. However, as is true for so many cancers, the management of patientswith ovarian neoplasms has changed substantially, and outcome results have improved considerably over the years.The reasonsfor this are many. For example, major advances in chemotherapy have resulted in improved survival, and the role of surgeryis constantly evolving and being refined.Purpose: A retrospective data analyses of ovarian cancer patients to observe their contemporary management in a radiationoncology departmental set up and the post-treatment outcome of these patients.Materials and Methods: The case records of 117 ovarian neoplasm patients registered in our department from 2011 to 2018were analyzed. The clinical, histopathological, and treatment details were noted. Contemporary treatment protocols were used.Results: Of the 117 patients of ovarian cancer treated in our department with conventional diagnostic, imaging, surgical, andcontemporary chemotherapy protocols, we found management of such patients is possible with optimum outcomes.Conclusion: Ovarian cancer patients can safely and optimally be treated in a radiation oncology department.

Tinospora cordifolia induces cell cycle arrest in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells

Natural products with medicinal value are gradually gaining importance in clinical research due to their well-known property of no side effects as compared to drugs. Tinospora cordifolia [Guduchi] has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic system of medicine for treating various ailments including cancer. In present study, we found that the Tinospora cordifolia extracts [TCE] induced inhibition of proliferation of KB cells was associated with arrest of GO/G1-phase of cell cycle. The effectiveness of TCE in checking the growth of KB cells without altering the growth of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC] indicates that Tinospora cordifolia has differential effect on normal and malignant cells hence, it may have therapeutic potential in cancer

Role of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in haemoptysis: an analysis of 157 patients.

Background: Objectives of this study were to define the role of fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in determining the etiology of haemoptysis, to determine whether bronchoscopy is useful in haemoptysis with normal chest x-ray, to determine whether early bronchoscopy is better than delayed bronchoscopy. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 157 patients who presented with hemoptysis to the Department of Tuberculosis and Chest diseases. All these patients underwent FOB after taking proper history and examination and ruling out any contraindication to the procedure. Results: In patients with haemoptysis with normal CXR, a diagnosis was established in 54.5% by FOB while 38.6% had a normal bronchoscopy. An endoscopic diagnosis of bronchitis was made in 22.7% patients. In only 9.1% patients an endobronchial mass was seen on bronchoscopy, and all of them were more than 40 years of age. Active bleeding/bleeding site was localized in 18.1% patients. In patients with abnormal chest roentgenogram who underwent FOB, a definitive diagnosis was established in 75.4% cases with active bleeding/ bleeding site localized in 59.6%. Thirty five percent were having an endobronchial mass. Of all the patients who underwent FOB for recurrent haemoptysis, active bleeding/bleeding site was localized in 48.4% patients. Bleeding site was localized in 62.9% patients who underwent early FOB, while the yield was lower (29.4%) in patients who underwent delayed FOB. Conclusions: Fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is an important and useful investigation in patients of haemoptysis in determining the bleeding site and etiology of haemoptysis. Early FOB has higher yield in localizing the bleeding site than delayed FOB.

Pseudotumour cerebri in acute promyelocytic leukemia on treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) - an experience from a tertiary care centre

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) is considered to be sensitive to all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) which acts as a differentiating agent. ATRA is considered to be a well-tolerated agent and is known to achieve complete remission in acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, a few cases on long term all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) use can develop pseudotumor cerebri. Out of 32 patients with APML who were treated in our Centre over a 4-year-period, we encountered 6 patients who developed ATRA-related pseudotumor cerebri while on maintenance treatment. The patients ranged from 12 to 40 years of age. 3 patients complained of unbearable headache, 2 of diplopia and 1 of gross reduction in visual acuity. CT scans and MRI did not reveal any intracranial lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was normal with CSF manometry revealing a high CSF pressure (average of 345mmH2O). Fundoscopy revealed papilledema in 5 patients and optic atrophy in 1 patient. The patients were successfully managed with decrease dose/discontinuation of ATRA, use of acetazolamide, corticosteroids and therapeutic CSF drainage.

Inferior rectus muscle ocular cysticercosis: a case report

Cysticercosis is a systemic parasitic disease caused by the larval form of cestode Taenia solium. It has a worldwide distribution and is potentially harmful with variable clinical manifestations. The most commonly involved sites include eye, brain, bladder wall, and heart. Ocular cysticercosis can be extraocular or intraocular and may present with varied clinical symptoms. We report the condition in a thirteen year old female child who presented with mild lower lid swelling and diplopia in upgaze, wherein cysticercus cellulosae cyst was found within the mass of the right inferior rectus muscle. It becomes important to report this case because of the relative rarity of the condition these days, unusual site of the cyst and the young age of the patient

Isolation and purification of heparin from bovine pancreas by different methods

Background: Different methods of heparin extraction are being used

Objective: To compare heparin extraction from bovine pancreas by using three different methods including method of Charles and Scott, Max and Volpi

Methodology: Design: Comparative Study. Setting: The University of Lahore with three month's duration starting from 1[st] July 2013. Fresh twenty samples of bovine pancreas samples were collected from the slaughterhouse of Lahore Pakistan and immediately placed in the ice buckets. The isolated heparin samples were separated into two species, slow moving and fast moving heparin by agarose gel electrophoresis. The anticoagulant activity of heparin samples was determined by using assay of Mitali et al [1982]

Results: The percentage yield of heparin extracted by Volpi method was significantly higher [P<0.001] i.e. 0.446% with the anticoagulant activity of 19 IU/ mg for bovine pancreas

Conclusion: Heparins are important in the field of medicine and pharmaceuticals. The results of our study showed that heparin isolated by the method of Volpi was significantly higher for bovine pancreas

Analysis of primary intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cysts a rare clinical entity

To evaluate the anatomic location of cysts, operative characteristics of intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cyst and to determine the outcome of aggressive surgical interventions.Case series. Thoracic Surgery Unit Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from 1[st] July 2008 to 30[th] June 2011. All patients admitted to Thoracic unit from July 2008 to June 2011 with intra thoracic hydatid cysts were evaluated prospectively as to age, sex, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, anatomic location of cysts, surgical procedures, complications, and outcomes. Chest radiography, computed tomography, and thoracic and abdominal ultrasonography had been performed preoperatively in all of them. Bronchoscopy and spirometry was also performed in all patients for assessment and operability.Echocardiography had been used in 2 patients to determine the contiguity of the cyst to the pericardium. Cystectomy and wide resection were the chief operative procedures. Most of the patients were having cysts in the pulmonary parenchyma only 10 patients had intrathoracic cysts in extrapulmonary locations. This group of patients was included in the study. We excluded patients who had a parenchymal cyst that had perforated to the pleura, myocardial hydatid and patients who had Total of 149 patients were operated for hydatid cystectomy, out of these 139 patients had pulmonary hydatid and 10 patients had intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cysts. These 10 patients constitute our study group; out of these 7 were men and 3 women whose mean age was 39.14 +/- 16.8 years range, [16-69 years]. Eight [80%] of these were symptomatic, most commonly with chest pain, two patients were asymptomatic. There were 2 [20%] mediastinal hydatid, 2 [20%] diaphragmatic, 2 [20%] pericardial, 2 [20%] oblique fissure, and 1 [10%] each in chest wall and pleural hydatid in our study. Albendazole [10 mg/kg] was prescribed to all patients for as long as 3 months postoperatively. No complication, recurrence, or death occurred during the follow up period of 13 +/- 15.4 months [range, 2-36 months].The extrapulmonary location of Hydatid cysts within the thorax is very rare. This rarity may cause difficulties in diagnosis. To avoid recurrence, it is necessary to resect the affected tissues completely and an anthelmintic medical regimen post operatively

Open reduction and internal fixation for displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children with crossed K-wires via lateral approach / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the therapeutic results of open reduction and internal fixation with crossed K-wires via lateral approach for displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We prospectively followed 52 children who presented with Gartland type 3 displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus and were managed by open reduction and internal fixation with crossed K-wires via lateral approach.There were 37 male and 15 female patients; average age was 7.39 years. The most common mechanism of trauma was fall while playing (n=23), followed by fall from height (n=20), road traffic accidents (n=5) and fall from standing height (n=2). In 2 cases, mode of injury was not available. The mean follow-up was 12 months and patients were assessed according to Flynn's criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Lateral approach provided an excellent view of the lateral column between two nervous planes and enabled an anatomical reduction in all cases. Immobilizing the elbow at 90 degrees or more of flexion was not needed after cross K-wire fixation. Majority of patients regained full range of motion within 6 weeks of pin removal. Two patients had postoperative ulnar nerve injuries that resolved after pin removal. The common late complication of cubitus varus was not seen in any patient. Delayed presentation to the emergency department, repeated manipulations by bone setters and massage with edible oil were responsible for stiffness in 5 patients. Superficial pin tract infection was noted in 5 patients that resolved with dressings and antibiotics. No deep infection occurred. A detailed clinical examination and radiographic analysis was done at final follow-up. They included measurement of carrying angle and range of movements of both operated and normal sides, and radiographs of both upper limbs for comparison. According to Flynn's criteria, 90.4% patients showed satisfactory results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lateral approach for open reduction and internal fixation of the widely-displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus is safe and straightforward, ensuring anatomical reduction and excellent function. The approach is easy and familiar to most orthopedic surgeons in our setup.</p>

Pregnancy outcomes: a comparative study of hypertensive and normotensive Pakistani population

Pregnancy is a normal physiological event but some pregnancy specific or other medical conditions can cause maternal as well as fetal morbidities and even mortalities. Among them, raised blood pressure during pregnancy adversely affects both maternal and fetal outcomes. In this study, risk factors associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are explored and pregnancy outcomes of hypertensive women with normotensive pregnant women are compared. Case control study. Obstetrics and gynecology department of Jinnah hospital Lahore. 1st October 2011 to 24 February 2012. The case control study of 250 cases [pregnant females with hypertensive disorders] and controls [pregnant females without hypertensive disorder], presented at obstetrics and gynecology department of Jinnah hospital during 1st October 2011 to 24 February 2012 was conducted. SPSS software [16] and MS excel were used for statistical analysis. Mean age for cases and controls was 26.96 +/- 5.29 years and 25.25 +/- 4.60 years, respectively. Age and history of pregnancy was found to be significantly associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Comparison of neonatal outcome between case group and control group showed that hypertensive pregnant women were at higher risk of having adverse pregnancy outcome. Women with hypertension during pregnancy are at increased risk of having adverse pregnancy outcome as compared to normotensive women and age, history of pregnancy induced hypertension are contributing risk factors for developing hypertension during pregnancy

Biochemical analysis of the crude extract of Momordica charantia [L.]

Momordica charantia [L.] commonly referred as bitter gourd, karela and balsam pear. Its fruit is used for the treatment of diabetes and related conditions amongst the indigenous populations of Asia, South America, India and East Africa. The study was conducted to find out the biochemical aspects of crude extract of whole fruit of M. charantia including seeds which includes blood test [Hemoglobin, RBC, Total leukocyte count, platelets count, HbA1C [Glycocylated heamoglobin Type A1C]], Lipid profile test and electrolyte balance. Hemoglobin [7.1 +/- 0.14], platelets count [827 ×10[9] +/- 1.95], Cholesterol level [111 +/- 2], HDL [high density lipoproteins] [20 +/- 1.22] at 10mg shows marked increase in values as compared to control. While 25 mg dose shows insignificant result. Electrolyte balance are found significant at 10mg and 25mg except bicarbonates [Na[+]=143 +/- 1.87, K[-]=3.45 +/- 0.35, Cl[-] =108 +/- 1.48]. Another important property of M. charantia is the elevation of platelet counts, heamoglobin and specifically high-density lipoproteins [HDL]. It also controls cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL at low dosage [10mg]. Further studies can be conducted to find out which phytochemical components acts on specific biochemical activity

Vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF-634G/C] polymorphism and retinopathy of prematurity a meta-analysis

Vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphism [VEGF-634G/C, rs 2010963] has been considered a risk factor for the development of retinopathy of prematurity [ROP]. However, the results remain controversial. Therefore, the aim of the present meta-analysis was to determine the association between VEGF-634G/C polymorphism and ROP risk. Published literature from PubMed and other databases were retrieved. All studies evaluating the association between VEGF-634G/C polymorphism and ROP risk were included. Pooled odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [Cl] were calculated using random or fixed effects model. A total of six case-control studies including 355 cases and 471 controls were included. By pooling all the studies, we found that VEGF-634G/C polymorphism was not associated with ROP risk at co-dominant and allele levels and no association was also found in dominant and recessive models. While stratifying on ethnicity level no association was observed in Caucasian and Asian population. This meta-analysis suggests that VEGF-634G/C polymorphism may not be associated with ROP risk, the association between single VEGF-634G/C polymorphism and ROP risk awaits further investigation

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy-Our Experience.

Adrenal glands are known to be central to homeostasis and consequently their afflictions are responsible for majorhuman ailments. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the procedure of choice for handling these benign functioning and non-functional afflictions. Recently, literature has documented the feasibility of laparoscopic procedure for even the larger (>5cm) tumors. We present our first-hand experience with ten laparoscopic adrenalectomies done at our center for adrenal masses upto 6cm in diameter.Ten patients with adrenal masses upto 6cm in diameter underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy at our department between Jan 2010 and Jan 2013. There were 7 males and 3female patients. There were six left sided tumors and four right side tumors with an average tumor size of 4.5cm. Seven out of ten cases had functional tumors. All of the procedures were completed successfully without any major intraoperative complication. The mean (range) operating time was 130 (100-210) min. There was an average (range) blood loss of 200 (150-400) ml. A drain was kept in all the patients and removed mostly on 1st postoperative day. The patients were strictly followed up after the surgery and none of them developed any complication. From our favorable results, we can safely conclude that laparoscopic adrenalectomy is safe and feasible procedure especially for smaller tumors. More experience is needed to tackle the larger size tumors.

Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]: a case report and review of literature

Tuberculosis is a very highly prevalent disease particularly in the developing world. In India one person dies of tuberculosis every minute. It can be a differential diagnosis of any disease ranging from infections to malignancies. But tuberculosis as a primary cause of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is an uncommon occurrence. Among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, those with miliary or disseminated disease or having comorbidities like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] are especially prone to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]. We present a case of a young female with no comorbidities or immuno suppression who presented with ARDS to us. We initially managed with mechanical ventilation and broad spectrum antibiotics, but there was no improvement. Only after anti tubercular therapy [ATT] and corticosteroids the patient recovered

Spasmolytic effects of Scrophularia nodosa extract on isolated rabbit intestine

Scrophularia nodosa [figwort], an indigenous medicinal plant grows in moist and cultivated waste ground. It contains saponins, cardioactive glycosides, flavonoids, resin, sugar and organic acids. It is traditionally used for anti-inflammatory purpose and in skin disorders. It has diuretic and cardiac stimulant properties. The present studies were carried out on crude extract of Scrophularia nodosa and its n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions. During phytochemical studies seven known compounds of flavonoid nature were isolated from the chloroform fraction of crude extract of S. nodosa. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic [UV, IR, Mass [EIMS, HREIMS] and NMR [[1]H-NMR, [13]C-NMR, DEPT, and [1]H-[1]H, COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY] techniques. Compound 1 was identified as 5, 4'-hydroxy-3, 6, 7-trimethoxyflavone, compound 2 as 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, compound 3 as Centaurein, compound 4 as 5-hydroxy-7,8,2',3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone [Serpyllin], compound 5 as Kaempferol 7-O- alpha -L-rhamnopyranoside, compound 6 as sakuranetin 4'-O [6"-O-alpha-Lrhamnopyranosyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside [Vitexoside] and compound 7 as Spinoside. Crude extract and its fractions were tested on isolated rabbit intestine [in vitro] for their effects. The results of crude extract and its fractions in different doses showed the decrease in normal movement of the smooth muscles of rabbit intestine [jejunum]. The chloroform fraction showed maximum relaxant effect [77.37%] at 15mg/ml dose and aqueous fraction showed 38.56% spasmogenic response which was not present in the crude extract. Further study was carried out on different fractions to investigate the possible mechanism of action of S. nodosa extract. For this purpose spasmolytic effect of different fractions were compared with agonist and antagonist activities of standard drugs including adrenaline, atropine andacetylcholine [1x10[-2], 1x10[-4] and 10[-6] M conc.]. It is concluded that the chemical constituents present in S. nodosa having spasmolytic action are possibly acting through muscarinic receptors

Cleidocranial dysplasia: a rare cause of disproportionate severe short stature

Skeletal dysplasia is an uncommon cause of short stature in children. An 11-year-old girl was evaluated for severe short stature in a tertiary care hospital. Clinical examination revealed severe disproportionate short stature and classical triad of multiple supernumerary teeth, and complete absence of clavicles and open sagittal sutures and fontanelles. Skeletal survey confirmed these findings, in addition to other features associated with the syndrome

Biological screening of Scrophularia nodosa extract and its fractions

Biological screening of Scrophularia nodosa crude extract and its fractions [hexane, chloroform, ethyl-acetate, n-butanol and aqueous] was carried out on phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal and analgesic activities. Crude extract and its fractions produced 50-100% phytotoxicity at 1000 micro g/ml concentration whereas 25-77% phytotoxicity was observed at 10 micro g/ml concentration. The fractions exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal effects. The non-toxic results of this plant were recorded in Brine Shrimps Bioassay method at all concentrations. Similarly no significant insecticidal activity was observed in crude extracts and fractions. Analgesic activity results of S. nodosa in mice were found highly significant in crude extract as compared to fractions. In writhing test crude extract at 500 mg/kg showed 65.6% highest inhibitory response in mice

Pharmacological and biological evaluation of extracts from Gratiola officinalis L. [Scrophulariaceae]

The crude extract of Gratiola officinalis and its n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions were subjected to biological [Brine Shrimp Bioassay, Insecticidal and Phytotoxicity/Cytotoxic] and neuropharmacological [Head dip, Open field Forced swimming test, Sodium pentothal induced sleep] activities. Results obtained in this study indicated that at high concentration dose [1000microg/ml], all test samples showed 60-95% phytotoxicity. In crude extract, n-butanol and aqueous fractions produced more than 85% phytotoxicity. While low concentration [10microg/ml] dose showed 25-28% phytotoxicity in all test samples. The crude extract was devoid of any effect against the growth of Callosbruchus analis and Tribolium castaneum and caused 10 mortality of Rhyzopertha dominica. n-Hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions caused 50, 30, 40, 10 and 20% mortality respectively of C. analis where as chloroform, ethyl-acetate, aqueous and crude extract, n-hexane, ethyl-acetate fractions also caused low mortality [10%] of Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica respectively. In cytotoxic assay at 1000microg/ml concentration, n-butanol fraction produced 36.7% and the crude extract produced 13.3% mortality of brine shrimp, its aqueous fraction was inactive at all concentrations. The results of head dip, open field, mobility time and Pentothal Na induced sleep indicated that crude extract, n-butanol and ethylacetate fractions of G. officinalis had mild sedative effect. However aqueous fraction was found to produce a significant decrease in motor activities and potentiated the duration of sleep